Category: 3. Comprehensive overviews

      57.  Lumbee River Legal Services. The Lumbee Petition.  Prepared in cooperation with the Lumbee Tribal Enrollment Office.  Julian T. Pierce and Cynthia Hunt-Locklear, authors.  Jack Campisi and Wesley White, consultants.  Pembroke, NC: Lumbee River Legal Services, 1987.  3 vols. Key source

Publication type: Unpublished report

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Copiously documented and admirably researched, the Petition is organized to address each requirement of the Code of Federal Regulations for “establishing that an American Indian group exists as an Indian tribe.” The preparation of the Petition took seven years.  Volume One is an extensive historical narrative, from European contact through the contemporary Lumbee community.  There are separate sections on topics such as kinship, churches, schools, Lumbee Homecoming, the Carolina Indian Voice, values, LRDA, tribal recognition, and the Lumbee political process.  There are tables, genealogical charts, maps, and photographs.  Volume Two is primarily bibliographical, including many annotated references for early Robeson County newspaper articles.  Some of these papers were short-lived, and only clippings exist.  Volume Three summarizes arguments that the Lumbees descend primarily from the Cheraws.  Most of the correspondence with government agencies and the archival materials cited are not listed in this bibliography; many of the unpublished legal documents, and many of the newspaper articles, arelikewise not included.  Few researchers would fail to benefit from the Petition.

Note: A memo from Associate Solicitor of Indian Affairs William G. Lavell, on October 23, 1989, ruled that the "nothing in this act" portion of the 1956 Lumbee Act terminates the Lumbee and forbids the federal relationship. The BIA cannot, therefore, process the Lumbee Petition and make a decision on whether or not to grant the Lumbee federal acknowledgment unless Congress amends the 1956 Lumbee Act to remove the termination language.

Additional subjects discussed in this item:  Baker, Fred | Baptist churches | Bellamy, John D. | Blood and genetic studies | Blood quantum | Blu, Karen | Bonnin, Raymond T. | Brooks, Joseph | Burnt Swamp Baptist Association | Carolina Indian Voice (Newspaper) | Chavis, James | Cheraw theory of tribal origin | Cherokee theory of tribal origin | Chronologies of events related to Lumbees | Churches | Coalition of Eastern Native Americans (CENA) | Cohen, Felix | Deloria, Ella | Double-voting | Eastern Carolina Indian Organization | Education and schools | Family | Fertility | Fire Departments | Genealogy | Graham, B. G. | Hammond (Surname/Genealogy) | Identity/Indianness/Culture (Lumbee) | Independent Americans for Progress | Jones, Bruce | Kinship | Ku Klux Klan Routing (Maxton, 1958) | Land ownership | Leaders (Lumbee) [see Chart 6] | Locklear (Surname/Genealogy) | Locklear, Horace | Locklear, Isham (Genealogy) | Locklear, John Archer (Genealogy) | Locklear, Preston (Genealogy) | Long house | Lowry, D. F. (Doctor Fuller) | Lowry, Henry Berry, Award | Lumbee (Tribal Name) | Lumbee Act (1956) | Lumbee Brotherhood | Lumbee Homecoming | Lumbee Regional Development Association | McLean, Hector | McMillan, Hamilton | McNeill, T. A. | McPherson Report | Maps | Methodist churches | Migration to cities | National Congress of American Indians | North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs | North Carolina Indian Unity Conference | Odum Home | Organization, The | Oxendine (Surname/Genealogy) | Oxendine, Clifton | Oxendine, James (Genealogy) | Pearmain, John | UNC-Pembroke—History | Pembroke (Town)— Politics and government | Photography (of Lumbees) | Picnics | Pierce, Charles F. | Place-names | Politics | Prospect School | Prospect Suit | Quakers | Red Banks Mutual Association | Red Men's Lodge | Seltzer, Carl C. | Settlement patterns | Sider, Gerald Marc | Siouan theory of tribal origin | Sit-ins (at Indian schools) | Smilings | Stations (grocery stores/gas pumps) | Strike at the Wind! | Swamps—drainage | Swanton, J. R. (John Reed) | Tribal membership criteria | Tribal roll | Tuscarora Indians of Robeson County | Varser, Lycurgus R. | Voter registration | Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act | Woodmen of the World

This annotation first appeared in The Lumbee Indians: An Annotated Bibliography (McFarland, 1994), by Glenn Ellen Starr. Edited and expanded on March 21, 2007.

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